How Weather Affects Fall Colors

How Weather Affects Fall Colors Nothing says fall very like a lethargic drive through the field with the sun lighting up oranges, reds, and yellows in the treetops. In any case, before arranging a day of leaf-peeping, its a smart thought to check neighborhood and provincial climate gauges and not just for movement climate purposes. Climate conditions, for example, temperature, precipitation, and measure of daylight, really decide how lively (or not) fall hues will be. Leaf Pigment Leaves have an utilitarian reason for trees: They produce vitality for the whole plant. Their wide shape makes them useful for catching daylight. When assimilated, the daylight connects with carbon dioxide and water inside the leaf to create sugars and oxygen in a procedure known as photosynthesis. The plant atom answerable for this procedure is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is answerable for giving a leaf its trademark green shading. In any case, chlorophyll isnt the main color living inside leaves. Yellow and orange colors (xanthophylls and carotenoids) are likewise present; these stay covered up for the greater part of the year since chlorophyll veils them. Chlorophyll is consistently exhausted by daylight and is recharged by the leaf through the developing season. Just when chlorophyll levels die down do the other pigmentsâ become obvious. Why Leaves Change Color While various elements (counting climate) impact the brightness of leaf shading, just a single occasion is capable forâ triggeringâ the decrease of chlorophyll:â the shorter sunshine and longer short-term hours related with the adjustment in season from summer to fall. Plants rely upon light for vitality, yet the sum they get changes through the seasons. Starting on the mid year solstice, Earths sunshine hours step by step abatement and its evening time hours bit by bit increment. This pattern proceeds until the most limited day and longest night is reached on December 21 or 22 every year (the winter solstice). As the evenings logically extend and cool, a trees cells start the way toward fixing off its leaves in anticipation of winter. During winter, temperatures are excessively chilly, daylight excessively diminish, and water excessively scant and vulnerable to sticking to help development. A corky hindrance is framed between each branch and each leaf stem. This cell layer obstructs the progression of supplements into the leaf, which likewise prevents the leaf from making new chlorophyll. Chlorophyll creation eases back and in the long run stops. The old chlorophyll starts to deteriorate, and when its all gone, the leafs green shading lifts. Without chlorophyll, the leafs yellow and orange tints overwhelm. As sugars become caught inside the leaf by the trees sealant, red and purple (anthocyanins) colors are likewise made. Regardless of whether by decay or by freezing, these shades in the long run separate. After this occurs, just earthy colors (tannins) are left. Impacts of Weather As indicated by the U.S. National Arboretum, heres how the accompanying climate conditions at each phase of the leaf developing season work to the advantage or disadvantage ofâ foliage come September, October, and November: During spring, a wet developing season is ideal. Drought conditions throughout the spring (the start of the leaf developing season)â can cause the fixing hindrance between leaf stem and tree limb to frame sooner than typical. This, thus, can prompt an early shutdown of leaves: Theyll drop before theyve got an opportunity to form fall coloration.From summer into early harvest time, radiant days and cool evenings are desirable. While sufficient dampness is acceptable during the early developing season, it attempts to quiet hues in the late-summer. Cool temperatures and bountiful daylight cause chlorophyll to be crushed all the more quickly (review that chlorophyll separates with presentation to light), in this way permitting yellows and oranges to be uncovered sooner, and furthermore advancing the arrangement of more anthocyanins. While cool is ideal, too cold is negative. Frosty temperatures and ices can kill flimsy and delicate leaves.During fall, quiet days delay seeing oppor tunities. Once the pre-winter season shows up, allows for the development of chlorophyll to totally blur and their torpid colors to completely dominate. Windy breezes and hard rains can make leaves fall before their full shading potential is reached. The conditions that make for marvelous harvest time shading shows are a wet developing season followed by a dry fall with warm, radiant days and cool (however not freezing) evenings.

Introduction to the internet and e-business Assignment

Prologue to the web and e-business - Assignment Example The exchange is finished when commission is isolated between both home specialists in view of being a piece of an exchange. Answer 2 Home Choice will profit by having its own site in light of the fact that those clients, who couldn't travel and approach Home Choice at its workplaces, will straightforwardly sign onto its site and present their purchasing or selling offer. For example, all gatherings and customers could be educated about accessible property units in various regions through programmed email age process; in this manner upgrading correspondence and business contacts with clients. Likewise, Home Choice will get a serious edge since it could decrease by shutting some cash losing workplaces in costly London city. Answer 3 An e-business is a plan of action that empowers the associations, end-clients and governments to work together through utilizing innovation and utilizing the Internet and highlights of World Wide Web (the Web) to finish exchanges (Roberts, 2004). Answer 4 I nternet empowers organizations and purchasers continuously connection and correspondence through email, videoconferencing, remotely coordinating, visit and so on. To be sure, these referenced alternatives are very proper for moving messages over the web, along these lines empowering correspondence easily. For example, the utilization of Skype has additionally encouraged this message move from sender to beneficiary and input from beneficiary to sender. Answer 5 The primary highlights of Hyper Text Markup Language remember help for media objects, scripting, foundation shading, marquee, labels, templates, hyperlinks, tables and format, structures and math and so forth. At the end of the day, most recent variants of HTML likewise incorporate the new highlights that are as yet not totally investigated. Answer 6 A web is a system of systems through which end-clients could associate with outside world systems and individuals. Web has, all things considered, decreased limits among countries as individuals across USA could contact through a tick to clients 7,000 miles away in sub-landmass. Actually, Intranet is an inside system that is utilized by associations/foundations to empowers its representatives to move and offer data inside the premises. Though, extranet are additionally utilized by associations to connect holes between/among their interior and outside clients. For instance, representatives could share a company’s a few (not all) inward data through extranet with their customers, providers, accomplices and so on. Answer 7 First of all, Home Choice needs to create/plan a site so it could give accessible purchasing and selling property units. Next, Home Choice needs to execute an online buy/deals framework in which the administrator will assume the job of arbitrator. This would empower gatherings to convey when they could approach company’s office for legitimate visit to property unit and dealings. Offers could likewise be submitted online in the e vent that eye to eye bargain is preposterous because of separation and time limitations. Answer 8 E-business is really an alternate plan of action since it gives the advantage of online exchanges without making a trip by and by to shops, workplaces and showrooms. The model is demonstrated fruitful when an organization has built up its brands and when it offers top quality brands at supported costs with phenomenal deals administration. Circuit City, a US based grocery store which is currently totally online based, is one of the significant models. Be that as it may, the model doesn't demonstrated effective if

How significant was James Simpsons role in solving the problem of surgery during the 19th century?

During the nineteenth century, there were numerous endeavors to perform medical procedure without there being any hazard towards the patient. This normally implied the specialists needed to defeat issues of torment, contamination and blood misfortune which were the three principle manners by which patients passed on during medical procedure. Numerous people found techniques to make medical procedure more secure. One of these men was a Scottish specialist, by the name of James Simpson, who found the sedative properties of chloroform and effectively presented it for general clinical use. Obviously, there were others who had utilized various assortments of sedatives before James Simpson. In 1799 Sir Humphrey Davy found chuckling gas which diminished agony felt by patients. It was for the most part utilized by dental specialists during teeth extractions, which caused horrendous torment. In 1846, J. R Lister utilized ‘ether' as a sedative so the patient would be oblivious during activity. Anyway this was before long excused as it disturbed the lungs and made the patient hack during the activity just as the way that ether is profoundly combustible. The way that others had just attempted to think of reasonable sedatives that could be utilized in medical procedure shows that James Simpson's revelation had been developed with information on past endeavors. It additionally demonstrates that he wasn't exclusively liable for finding ‘anaesthetics'. James Simpson was named the Professor of Midwifery at Edinburgh University because of his enthusiasm for obstetrics. In 1847, Simpson found the properties of chloroform during an investigation with companions wherein he discovered that it could be utilized to take care of one. It was especially up to risk that Simpson endure the chloroform measurement he controlled to himself. On the off chance that he had breathed in something over the top, in this manner dying from an overdose, chloroform would have been viewed as a hazardous substance. Nonetheless, if Simpson had breathed in marginally less it would not have taken care of him. It was his eagerness to investigate the potential outcomes of the substance that built up his vocation as a pioneer in the field of medication. He started to utilize chloroform as a productive and successful sedative used to assuage work torments during labor. This hypothesis of mitigating patients from torment spread across to numerous different specialists who started utilizing this technique for sedation. James Simpson had the option to locate a genuine sedative that was appropriate in medical procedure, and he faced the challenge of attempting the chloroform himself demonstrating that he was committed to improving and tackling the issues of medical procedure. However, there was a ton of resistance to chloroform because of it being another and untested gas. Specialists didn't have the foggiest idea how much measurements to give their patients or whether there would be long haul symptoms. There was likewise the way that the utilization of chloroform caused an expansion in passings, since the patients were given a greater measurements of chloroform that was essential. This terrified the numerous specialists into not utilizing it. There were likewise other who contradicted chloroform since they accepted that facilitating the agony of labor, it would make it unnatural and was a demonstration against God. Likewise, while the patient is oblivious specialists turned out to be increasingly sure and endeavor progressively complex tasks permitting diseases more profound into the body and causing more blood misfortune. This likewise added to the ascent in number of passings since the presentation of chloroform. However, James Simpson before long got numerous individuals to understand that his hypothesis was exact and it was before long acknowledged. At the point when Queen Victoria utilized chloroform while conveying her eighth youngster in 1857, the general population alongside numerous different specialists started utilizing it as a sedative and this before long turned into a piece of careful practice. Nonetheless in spite of the fact that James Simpson had just given the sedative a shot himself, it very quickly turned out to be evident that there were intense reactions related with its utilization and it was known to cause passing in various examples. From 1864, various investigations were directed trying to decide if chloroform influenced the respiratory framework or the circulatory framework. The significant wellbeing impacts of chloroform encompass intense inward breath which prompts discouragement which is the reason it was utilized for quite a while as a sedative. Interminable introduction to chloroform was related with influences on the liver, kidney, and focal sensory system. The proof that chloroform was risky and lethal from numerous points of view added to the resistance and makes us accept whether James Simpson truly was answerable for a significant advancement in medical procedure. Notwithstanding this there were numerous different achievements by numerous others who might be viewed as increasingly significant since their disclosures caused basic advancement in taking care of the issues of medical procedure. Louis Pasteur was incredibly indispensable as he was answerable for the improvement of the Germ hypothesis, alongside Robert Koch. The French researcher was additionally responsible for the numerous immunizations, for example, Chicken cholera, Rabies and Anthrax. Obviously, this was emphasizd by the contention among Pasteur and Koch since, they were both aggressive and nationalistic and France had lost a severe war to Germany in 1870-71. Joseph Lister was then ready to utilize the germ hypothesis to reveal another noteworthy revelation: cleaning agents. This included sanitization of all gear, including specialist's hands, all through the medical procedure. His thinking behind this was to diminish the quantity of patients biting the dust from contamination passed on from microscopic organisms on apparel and mechanical assembly. This was crucial on the grounds that numerous individuals were biting the dust from contamination at that point and there were no advances to diminish the numbers until Lister's germicides. Another person who had the option to effectively utilize the germ hypothesis was John Snow, who was answerable for finding the reason for cholera, a major executioner during the 1800s. He found that cholera was spread by drinking water that contained microscopic organisms. Snow was one of the primary doctors to read and figure measurements for the utilization of ether and chloroform as careful sedatives, permitting patients to experience careful and different strategies without the misery and agony they would some way or another experience. He actually managed chloroform to Queen Victoria when she brought forth the last two of her nine youngsters, prompting more extensive open acknowledgment of obstetric sedation. The way that there were numerous others who had the option to find other essential things keeps James Simpson from exclusively being liable for taking care of the issues of medical procedure. John Snow additionally demonstrates that James Simpson was not the first to think of the possibility of ‘anaesthetics', and in this way can't generally be liable for the disclosure in spite of the fact that he assumed a significant job in running over chloroform. All in all, I accept that James Simpson's job was not extremely huge in the endeavors to tackle the issues of medical procedure. This is on the grounds that he had the option to utilize others' thoughts, for example, John Snow, to really find the sedative. What's more, there were numerous others and factors, for example, War and Technology that would have affected medical procedure on a greater scale than that of James Simpson's disclosure of chloroform as a sedative. In spite of the fact that we can see his devotion in demonstrating that chloroform was a reasonable sedative we can likewise observe that there was a great deal of extension for others to locate a sedative that may have end up being less lethal.

The Tragic Hero free essay sample

The writer William Shakespeare uncovers a terrible legend in his most noteworthy catastrophe Hamlet. This saint is the youthful ruler Hamlet. He satisfies all of Aristotle’s prerequisites for an appalling legend. Three key occasions in the play show these prerequisites: First, when Hamlet doesn't kill Claudius at his first open door in the wake of being asked by his father’s apparition, Secondly, his showdown with Ophelia in regards to her restoring his endowments, and finally his response to Claudius’s plot against his life when he speculates that Hamlet has found that he was the killer. Hamlet has puts stock in his own opportunity, an incomparable pride, a limit with regards to torment, and a feeling of responsibility. He additionally vivaciously fights his circumstance, experiences a transfiguration, and finds a more profound comprehension of the human condition. Henceforth, Hamlet is a grievous legend. Hamlet has a confidence in his own opportunity. He has the mental fortitude to settle on a choice and to acknowledge the outcomes of that choice. At the point when the apparition of King Hamlet importunes his child to look for vengeance upon Claudius, â€Å"So thou workmanship to vindicate, when thou shalt hear. † (I, v), he does. Notwithstanding, the attentive and intelligent Hamlet hangs tight for evidence of Claudius killing King Hamlet before settling on his choice, There is a play today around evening time before the King. One scene draws close to the condition which I have told thee, of my father’s demise. I prithee, when thou seest that demonstration forthcoming, even with the very remark of the spirit watch my uncle. On the off chance that his occulted blame don't inkennel in one discourse it is a doomed apparition that we have seen. (III. ii) Once Hamlet chooses the phantom is genuine and honest, he proceeds with retribution. He has confidence in his decision and in what he was doing, despite the fact that he realizes that there is the danger of biting the dust all the while. Hamlet evades practically unavoidable demise more than once in attempting to satisfy his errand. The disclosure of Hamlet’s monstrous pride is in occasions of the play and as a part of his character characteristics. He is inclined to attacks of energy and rash activity. Hamlet additionally rankles rapidly. In act three when Hamlet sights Ophelia, who reveals to him that she wishes to restore the knickknacks of adoration he has given her. Hamlet indignantly denies having given her anything; working himself into a crazy fierceness, Hamlet upbraids Ophelia, ladies, and humankind as a rule. Hamlet’s discussion with Ophelia represents his pride, his falsification of franticness gives him the freedom to state, think, and do what he enjoys with no social hindrances. In this scene, he is by all accounts cleared away by that freedom into a sort of blinding, edgy displeasure. Just a man loaded up proudly would have the nerve to counterfeit madness to impart his sentiments. The character Hamlet has a limit with respect to torment. He loses everything, his dad, his darling Ophelia, as it were his mom and his life for his motivation. Hamlet endures in light of the fact that he constantly puts off his errand, in this way imperiling himself. Hamlet grapples with himself about killing Claudius; he needs to deliver retribution and feels defended in doing it, however some way or another discovers reasons not to. Whenever the open door introduces itself, Hamlet rationalizes like not having the option to do it while Claudius is imploring on the grounds that then Claudius will go to paradise, Now may I do it pat, presently ‘a is a-supplicating, and now I’ll do’t. Thus ‘a goes to paradise, as am I vindicated. That would be examined. A lowlife murders my dad, and for that I, his soles child, do this equivalent scoundrel send to paradise. (III, iii) What Hamlet doesn't understand is that in the event that he had killed Claudius, it would have been suitable retribution since Claudius couldn't supplicate. Hamlet has the quality and fearlessness to proceed in his mission in spite of realizing that his companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have double-crossed him and that his stepfather needs him dead. Along these lines, he demonstrates that he has a limit with regards to anguish. Hamlet is focused on killing Claudius, when he at long last decides it remains as such. Hamlet devotes himself to seeing the goals of the circumstance. This is obvious when he comes back from England paying little mind to realizing that there is a plot against his life. In the event that he were not given to holding his promise to his dad, he would have remained in England. Nobody without a reason would come back to a spot were they were probably going to bite the dust. â€Å"The shocking saint objects with passion, rationale, and agony against the circumstance in which he gets himself. † While plotting his vengeance, Hamlet encounters all of previously mentioned. For example, Hamlet is coherent when he sees Claudius imploring. He doesn't execute Claudius since he feels it would be a wrong retribution. Some other time when these attributes are clear is the point at which he finds that the ruler intends to have him executed in England. He astutely reworks the letter and requests Rosencratz and Guildenstern’s execution rather, â€Å"Folded the writ up as th’ other, bought in it, gave’t th’ impression, set it securely, the changeling never known. † (V. ii) This move was astute, Hamlet maintained a strategic distance from sure demise. Hamlet shows passion by compelling his old companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s execution, rationale by thinking about the results of his planning of the homicide, and torment in having the option to send others to death and to submit murder himself. It shows that he manages the circumstance eagerly, sensibly, and with torment. Hamlet’s enduring makes him change, create, and to increase a more noteworthy comprehension of the human condition. From the outset Hamlet is reluctant about his retribution, he doesn't execute Claudius in the congregation and ensures he is liable by having him see â€Å"The Mousetrap† in which the occasions of King Hamlet’s murder are re-ordered. At long last, Hamlet changes and quickly gets his retribution. Hamlet is mellowed by his encounters despite the fact that he turns into a killer and â€Å"he ascends from the debris load an insightful and increasingly human person. This is seen when he discloses to Horatio that he has no compassion toward Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who made love to this employment†, yet that he feels frustrated about having carried on with such antagonistic vibe toward Laertes. Hamlet killed Laertes father while he was spying, he thought he was slaug htering Claudius. In Laertess want to retaliate for his dads passing, he says, he sees the perfect representation of his own, and he vows to court Laertess great kindness. In having the option to see others sees, Hamlet increases point of view and thus is more astute and increasingly empathetic; along these lines, experiencing a transfiguration and understanding the human condition better. Aristotle’s capabilities for being an awful legend are in the character of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s incredible play of a similar name. Hamlet keeps up a faith in his opportunity, pride, has the limit with regards to misery, and responsibility to his motivation. He additionally fights his circumstance, experiences a transfiguration, and comprehends the human condition better. Hamlet once a youthful Prince in affection turns into a lamentable legend.

Hormones and Nerve Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Hormones and Nerve Questions - Essay Example In any case, it was demonstrated that epinephrine alone couldn't make this change happen. It needed to approach the assistance of an optional ambassador, cyclic AMP, for help. Cell layers comprise of lipid chains which makes them hydrophobic or water repulsing in nature. While hormones are proteins made of hydrophilic or water adoring peptide chains, and they can't promptly go through the phone films. This is the place optional emissaries come in. they fill in as a delivery person between the hormones and the objective cell. Optional flag-bearers are for the most part little particles causing a higher pace of dissemination through the cytoplasm of the cell and a quicker pace of data transmission. Auxiliary delivery people likewise help strengthen the quality of a specific sign. Hormones in extremely limited quantities can cause the arrival of thousands of optional delivery people. This implies the body can set aside a great deal of vitality. It doesn't have to use all its nutritive a ssets, for example, proteins in the arrangement of hormones, in light of the fact that lone small amounts of these hormones are expected to get a reaction from the objective cells. In this way least measures of vitality are utilized by the body to speak with different cells. Auxiliary errand people are available in the cytoplasm of cells, in this way controlling the pace of hormones and proteins used by the cells. They could either cause an expansion or abatement in the metabolic responses of the cells. This implies small portions of hormones could cause prompt reactions as the impacts are intensified by the auxiliary detachments. Auxiliary couriers are likewise answerable for signal transduction downpours. Words: 310 NERVE QUESTION Write around 800 words on why it is critical to comprehend the structure of nerve cells so as to value their capacity. It would be ideal if you ensure you spread the age of an activity potential and the transmission of a nerve drive. It is essential to c omprehend the structure of nerve cells, since it is a direct result of their particular structure that they can do their significant capacities. A nerve is a heap of neurons and a neuron is an individual nerve cell. There are three kinds of neurons: Sensory neurons Relay neurons Motor neurons These three neurons work together to transmit nerve driving forces and every one of them have a different structure which encourages the whole procedure. Tangible neuron endings are increasingly gathered in our sense organs like the retina of the eye, cochlea of the ear, and so forth tactile neuron endings get improvement from the sense organs and afterward they pass the nerve drive promptly to the dendrite which at that point passes them to the Dendron, which is a solitary fiber, and afterward these motivations are brought to the cell body which comprises of a core and cytoplasm. At long last these driving forces go through the axon and show up at the synaptic handle which has a few branches. These motivations are to some degree like electrical driving forces. Tactile neurons are stretched cells comprising of tangible nerve endings toward one side and synaptic handles at the other. They are covered with a greasy layer known as the myelin sheath which goes about as an electrical protector so as not to get upset with other passing motivations. Holes in the myelin sheath are known as the hubs of Ranvier, which help accelerate the section of nerve driving forces. Transfer neurons are littler cells which go about as a connection

Astronomy in Paradise Lost

Astronomy in Paradise Lost While I read Paradise Lost, I think about astronomy. I know what youre thinking: what else is new? You yawn and ask whether I salivate and breathe while reading  Paradise Lost.   I know, I know! But read this description of our home planet in Book II and youll see what I mean: And fast by hanging in a golden chain This pendent world in bigness as a star Of smallest magnitude close by the moon. (II.1051-3) Im not sure what Milton means by magnitude. In astronomy, we use the word magnitude to describe how bright an object is. Milton could definitely have known that technical term, because he spent a lot of time talking with Galileo. Magnitude here could also have meant importance. The term could be ambiguous by design, since Milton is fond of wordplay and double meaning. Regardless of his intention, when I read that passage I saw this in my mind: Thats a photograph of our little blue pendant world, close by the moon and somewhere near the bigness of a star. Theres no golden chain to be seen, although I suppose you could think of the chain as a metaphor for our ecosystems fragility. The Cassini spacecraft snapped that picture last year and, although its only made up of two little fuzzy blobs, I personally think its one of the most beautiful pictures ever taken in astronomy. Heres another one (context: Satan is traveling to Heaven) Down right into the worlds first region throws His flight precipitant and winds with ease Through the pure marble air his oblique way Amongst innumerable stars that shone Stars distant, but nigh hand seemed other worlds. (III.563-6) Spot on! In 1992, Alex Wolszczan and Dale Frail discovered the very first planets outside our solar system   extrasolar planets, or exoplanets orbiting a pulsar. Ive had interactions with both of these dudes: I attended a talk by Wolszczan about a year ago (at this conference) and I was visiting the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Socorro NM when Dale Frail gave a teatime presentation about the discovery of FRBs (Fast Radio Burstsvery unfortunately nicknamed furbies by some astronomers). I borrowed a few papers from Dale, didnt realize he needed them back that evening, took them with me on a field trip, then found out through a phone call that Dale really wanted his papers back since he was about to leave town. Mortified, I had to sprint across the VLA to hand the papers back to Dale, who happened to be on-site. AHHHH! Anyway, the study of extrasolar planets is now one of the hottest sub-fields in astronomy. Professors Sara Seager and Josh Winn are spearheading efforts at MIT, and TESS is going to revolutionize our big-picture of these other worlds. Recently, a study predicted that 20% of all sun-like stars in our galaxy have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone (the goldilocks zone not too close to the star and hot, not too far away and cold). Is in the habitable zone is a very different thing from habitable, and habitable is a very different thing from inhabited, but its still very exciting stuff. There are many more instances in Paradise Lost of Miltons astronomy interest (including the phrase glazed optic tube for telescope) but Ill finish off with a discussion of light. Ultimately, astronomy is about collecting light. Our eyes are pretty good detectors, so for many centuries astronomers relied on them. For example, when Galileo stuck his eye at the end of a telescope, photons from Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Io entered his eye after traveling ~800,000 kilometers across the solar system and voila! Galileo literally saw the moons of Jupiter. Nowadays, we can do much better than human sight by building increasingly advanced cameras. We can even see invisible light, by building detectors designed to make sense of radio light, x-ray light, infrared light, etc. When John Milton wrote PL, he was completely blind. Presumably because of that, the blind narrator of PL (who Im not convinced is Milton himself) takes detours from storytelling to discuss the nature of light and sight, and I think its totally fascinating that he chooses to discuss astronomy and telescopes at all. One major idea presented is that light has an eternal-physical duality: the essence of light is eternal, and it is a manifestation of that essence that we see as a shining beam. Nowadays, of course, we would say that light has wave-particle duality, and that in a way a particle we detect is a manifestation of the wave, but Milton hadnt taken 8.04 so it would have been kind of unreasonable to expect that from him. I think that the blind Milton found comfort in the idea that we dont need eyes to detect the essence of light, and that even the best telescopes cant protect us from every kind of shroud. For example, a good liar can deceive even the sharpest detectors. In Book III, Gods right-hand sharp-sighted angel Uriel is deceived by Satan in disguise, and the result of this deceit is that Uriel gives Satan directions to the Garden of Eden. This inspires the blind Milton narrator to pray to light for a deeper kind of sight, in my favorite passage of the book so far: …celestial Light, Shine inward and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. There plant eyes. All mist from thence Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell Of things invisible to mortal sight! (III.51-5)

Life of Vlad the Impaler - Free Essay Example

1431- Vlad Dracula is born –father Vlad Dracul (Vlad the dragon) real mother Cneajna 1435- Vlads younger brother Radu the Handsome 1436-Vlad becomes Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia 1442-Vlad Dracul and his sons Radu and Vlad Dracula visit Gallipoli to pay tribute to the Ottoman Sultan Murad. And seize them and Vlads older brother Mircea rules in his father’s absence. 1444- Vlad Dracul participates in an anti Turk crusade with John Hunyadi, the Hungarian and the sultan allows Vlad and Radu to live 447-Hunyadi forms an alliance with Vladislav 2nd (the Draculs enemies) Mircea is tortured and buried alive and Vlad Dracul is killed attempting to escape his capital city 1448-Murad releases Dracula and gives him the support he needs to rule Wallachia and rules for 2 months but then is forced to flee 1451-Sultan Murad dies and succeeded by Muhmed 1453- Mehmeds forces attack Constantinople bringing the Byzantine Empire to an end 1456- Hunyadi allows Dracula to come out of exile as his vassal. Fearing the sultan will attack Hungary next. By August 22 Dracula is again Prince of Wallachia. 1457-Dracula seized all the nobles who help in the death of his father and brother. He forced the strong to build castle Dracula, the weak he impaled his favorite method of torture giving him the name Vlad Tepes (Vlad the impaler). 14759- In his best known action Dracula sets up a table near the base of Timpu Hill and dines as he watches thousands of people impaled (tortured to death). He is said to have dipped his bread in the blood of his victims 1462- Sultan Mehmed and Radu the Handsome invade Wallachia with an army three times the size of Draculas. On June 17 Vlad leads a raid that almost succeeds in killing the Sultan but when the sultan’s men chased Vlads raid they run into a psychological warfare surprise. Dracula has set up a forest of stakes on which he has impaled 20,000 prisoners. 1475- Radu dies of syphilis.

How To Say Let in Spanish

Let is one of those English words that can be translated numerous ways in Spanish, because let itself has numerous meanings. Take the example of translating Let me write that down to Spanish. One possibility say, Quiero apuntar eso, which has a literal meaning of I want to write that down. If you wish a more precise translation and indeed are seeking permission to take notes, use Dà ©jame apuntar eso or Dà ©jeme apuntar eso, depending on whether you are speaking in the familiar or formal second person, respectively. Dejar is the most common verb meaning to allow, so what youre saying is allow me to write that down. What is important when translating from one language to another is to look for the meaning of what you want to say and translate that rather than attempting to translate words. You simply cannot translate let the same way all the time. And if what you mean by let is I want to, then just say the equivalent of that — its much simpler! Choices for Translating ‘Let’ A few of the verbs you can use to translate let or phrases that use let include liberar (to let go), alquilar (to rent out), avisar (to let someone know), soltar (to let go), fallar (to let down or disappoint), perdonar (to let somebody off, to excuse) and cesar (to let up). It all depends on the meaning of what youre trying to say. And, of course, in English we use let to form first-person plural commands, as in lets leave or lets sing. In Spanish, that meaning is expressed in a special verb form (the same as the first-person plural subjunctive), as in salgamos and cantemos, respectively. Finally, Spanish sometimes uses que followed by a verb in the subjunctive to form an indirect command that can be translated using let, depending on the context. Example: Que vaya à ©l a la oficina. (Have him go to the office, or let him go to the office.) Sample Sentences Here are sentences illustrating possible translations for let: El gobierno cubano liberà ³ al empresario. (The Cuban government let the entrepreneur go.)Dà ©jele hablar sin interrupcià ³n. (Let him speak without interruption.)Te comunicaremos si algo ha cambiado. (Well let you know if anything has changed.)Los captores soltaron a los rehenes a las cuatro de la madrugada. (The captors let the hostages free at 4 a.m.)Me fallaba muchà ­simo. (He let me down a lot.)Vive y dejar vive. (Live and let live.)A mi no me decepciona nadie porque no espero nada de nadie. Nobody lets me down because I dont expect anything from anybody.Mis padres alquilaron un piso en 2013 por 400 euros por semana. (My parents let out a floor in 2013 for 400 euros weekly.) ¡Me deja en paz! (Let me be alone!)Avà ­same si no puedes hacerlo. (Let me know if you cant do it.)Por fin aflojà ³ la ira de la tormenta. (The fury of the storm finally let up.)Hay ciertos amigos a los que no quiero dejar entrar en mi casa. (There are some friends I dont want to let into my house.)D esde entonces, se desmejorà ³ y crecià ³ su abatimiento fà ­sico y moral. (Since then, he let himself go and sank deeper physically and morally.)

Sociology of the Family - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1001 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Family Essay Did you like this example? The traditional marriage, or should I say monogamy was the typical marriage in the 1950s. The male-breadwinner marriage, where the man works full-time and the woman is the homemaker was the base for what made these traditional marriages a success. This cultural ideal did not come about until the early 20th century, however, most couples didn’t comply with this new living standard until after WWII. The â€Å"nuclear family† became more common shortly after. Not to long after this, the dissatisfaction of women arose, which brought about the â€Å"battle of the sexes,† and the decline of the male-breadwinner marriage. The rise of the male-breadwinner nuclear family brought about the great compression of newly shared prosperity, job discrimination against women, and economic independence for seniors. This typical family was comprised only of one man and one woman with at least one child. This ideal culture for marriage set women with the title of being a homemaker and with men providing everything for the family. This made life very difficult if you were a woman without a husband trying to survive on no salary. This, in turn, forced almost all women to turn to men for survival, which in most cases put them up against norms in which they were trying not to break. Men in this time sought sex, however, women were taught that they were to hold out on this until marriage. Not only was this looked down upon for women to take part in, but it was extremely risky. In this time (the 1950’s) there was no birth control or safe and legal abortion, plus if you were caught you were more than likely the hea d of the newest scandal and looked down upon by everyone in your social world. Unfortunately, the woman would be looked down upon and called diminishing names such as sluts. But because this was trendy, hip, and an accomplishing thing for guys to do, men were rewarded and congratulated by peers and those in a surrounding area. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sociology of the Family" essay for you Create order This is why we call this a heterosexual double standard because the reactions to men and women having sex were not the same, which isn’t fair. This standard, however, didn’t last for long due to the youth movement of the 1960s and the women’s movement, which challenged both norms and the double standard. With the continuance of cultural backlash, by 1970 the thoughts of traditional marriage were weakening. The divorce rate increasingly became higher because of two reasons. One, the roles of women were changing causing women to reject relationships that they couldn’t tolerate. And two, the stress of providing economic support was too demanding as well as balancing children without as much help from the family or community. Now we have changed the norms tremendously as far as traditional marriage and the heterosexual double standard go. About only 25% of marriages are now male-breadwinner, the rest are comprised of cohabitation families, dual career families , single parents, and gay and lesbian couples. People worry because the marriage rate has continuously been declining, however, it’s really not actually causing any economic inequality. There are many things in this section about the family that I didn’t know. With that being said, there are a couple shocking statistics that stood out to me and really caught my attention. One is that the rate of people having premarital sex back in 1950 is the same rate as people having premarital sex today. I figured that because of all the risks there were to sex, and how much of a disappointment women were considered to be if they had sex back in that time period, that the number of those having premarital sex would be way lower than it is right now. A second statistic that blew my mind was the fact that now there are nearly 25% of married couples with children that are still considered to be the male-breadwinner nuclear families. With all of the new types of families mentioned in the paragraph above and with the age at which people are getting married, I figured the percentage of people still in the male-breadwinner nuclear family would be much lower than what it actually is. This new information is shocking and somewhat challenges my thinking on the topic of families. When considering the statistic of premarital sex being as common in the 1950s as it is now really makes you question why you didn’t know this before, or why it seems so much more common now then it did then. It seems like now you hear about it so much and its just a common thing to do in this time. After thinking a lot about it and hearing different things in lecture, I think I have figured out why. Women back then wanted to have sex but didn’t want to get pregnant because that would mean they were such a disobedient person. So women kept their sexual activeness quiet, and if they did by some chance get pregnant then they would just find a way to get rid of the child and not tell anyone. Now in this day and age, single mothers are so common, and you hear about so many women who are getting pregnant and raising the child on their own and people are so accepting of it. So really I see how the rates of premarital sex then can be the same as now, you simply just didn’t hear much about it back then. On to the statistic of 25% of families still being male-breadwinner. I figured this percentage would be lower than what it actually is. Like I said before, there are new types of families on the rise so I figured that with as many of these new families as there are, people would transfer to these types of families over the male-breadwinner. Also, I figured that because the divorce rate was on a steady increase that families were breaking apart because of the reasons stated in the first paragraph.

Social Loafing Essay - 1313 Words

Social Loafing A major component of Social Psychological research is based on social loafing. Social loafing can result in diverse possibilities and also not only affects the individual who is conducting the social phenomenon but also group members are subjected to exposure. Discussion regarding the reasons of social loafing as an occurrence will be based primarily on evidence from literature regarding the specific component, envy. Possibilities of outcomes range from members being awarded unfair workloads or dissatisfaction, to group performance being decreased. Theories that support some of these and other notions will become evident after the recognition of previous research findings.†¦show more content†¦The discovery of envy as a component has allowed further analysis in determining explanation for social loafing. According to Reber ad Reber, (2001:244) envy ‘is based on a resentful acknowledgement of those who are more fortunate persons’. Envy can be provoked numerous ways but social comparison is essentially the prompt for this incidence. The phenomenon of envy is usually due to the resentment of personal qualities in correspondence to the Cinderella myth (Ulanov Ulanov, 1983. As cited in Duffy Shaw, 2000). Acknowledgement of superior achievements of a work colleague could merely be adequate to trigger the reaction of envy (Tesser Campbell, 1990. As cited in Duffy Shaw). As could the recognition of lack of sporting abilities compared to other team members be enough to influence or generate this reaction. Traditional workplace settings are believed to be the ideal location for envy to arise due to the tendency for individuals to work closely together (Vecchio, (1995). As cited in Duffy Shaw, (2000). Tesser and Campbell (1990). As cited in Duffy Shaw, (2000) suggest on the occurrence that individuals work together or in groups they are prone to engage in a form of behavior that is notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Working in Groups and Social Loafing1810 Words   |  8 PagesSocial loafing is the effect that people will exert less effort if they are working in a collective environment. Working in groups is an integral part of everyday life because it happens in almost every context whether it is sports teams, organizational groups, project groups and even juries. Therefore it is important to understand the underlying factors that influence this construct. The current research composed of 20 participants, investigated the social loafing effect of two working conditions:Read More|Curbing Social Loafing in the Retail Environment | |3837 Words   |  16 Pages| | |Curbing Social Loafing in the Retail Environment | | | | | Read MoreSocial Loafing And Conformity Within Teams746 Words   |  3 Pagesor teams. With this in mind, Fischer highlights that teams have a list of negatives also associated with them. A few examples are general dysfunction and disagreement, longer decision-making processes, and social loafing (Fischer, 2012). This paper will address the presence of social loafing and conformity within teams. The Problem Statement: Young Life Volunteer Team Young Life (YL) is a Christian, nondenominational organization that shares the gospel with students of all ages (highRead MoreSocial Loafing Essay examples1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Social Loafing? Social Loafing is something everyone has experienced. Most likely if you do not like group work this is one of the main reasons why. â€Å"Social loading describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible† (Cherry). 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On the other hand, process losses are high turnover, social loafing, and production blocking. Higher process gains and lower process losses result into superior team productivity (Crawford, 2/2)Read MoreTaking a Look at Social Loafing1178 Words   |  5 Pagesindependently and where the individuals performance cannot be acknowledged as excellent and important are called as social loafing (Joseph Timothy 2012). Social loafing is the characteristic of individuals in a part of their academic life. It may be seen as a failure t o willingly satisfy the duties and commitments to others because of the perception of reduced social pressure. Yet, social loafer or free-rider without exerting effort in a team will gain benefits from the work of others as the outcomeRead MoreTavris in Groups We Shrink Essay699 Words   |  3 Pagesdidnt anybody do anything? What were the people thinking? In addition to being afraid of being an individual in the midst of a group, people often look at others to set the example. Another term for this is, diffusion of responsibility or social loafing. For example, Ive been in many classes where the students were afraid to speak out. But eventually there is a brave soul who ventures to raise their hand to answer a question. And this starts the ball rolling. Eventually each individualRead MoreThe Main Features Of A Bureaucracy And The Scientific Design Of Work2034 Words   |  9 Pagestherefore Fayols’ five functions of management are implemented through impersonal control rather than direct face to face control. In contrast to rationalisation, King and Lawley (2013) describe the social organisation as a belief that the key factors in shaping an individual within the workplace are the social interactions between people. King and Lawley (2013) state that the findings from Hawthorne studies have been credited with humanising management, there has been a shift from individuals being seenRead MoreSocial Loafing and Recommendations on How to Reduce Its Occurrence within Groups Working on University Poster Presentations1286 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Loafing and Recommendations on How to Reduce Its Occurrence within Groups Working on University Poster Presentations Abstract Social loafing occurs in groups and reduces group effectiveness and productivity. Various literatures on social loafing reviewed suggest that the group size, the identifiably of the participants, the evaluation of their performance, people’s beliefs about their feelings of uniqueness, envy, task difficulty, how people’s beliefs about their

Nazi Germany A Totalitarian State - 1532 Words

Nazi Germany: A Totalitarian State? The purpose of this essay is to explain whether Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state or not. Totalitarian state means when all aspects of life within a country are under the total control of a person or group, this is often referred to as a dictator. The aspects of life in Nazi Germany that I am going to examine are young people, women, the church, employment, leisure time, propaganda and censorship. After I have discussed these aspects of life I would finish off my essay with a conclusion answering the purpose of this essay. By 1934 Adolf Hitler appeared to have complete control over Germany, but like most dictators, he constantly feared that he might be†¦show more content†¦However, Adolf Hitler had his own reasons for wanting Roehm removed. Powerful supporters of Hitler had been complaining about Roehm for some time. Generals were afraid that the Sturm Abteilung (SA), a force of over 3 million men, would absorb the much smaller German Army into its ranks and Roehm would become its overall leader. Industrialists such as Albert Voegler, Gustav Krupp, Alfried Krupp, Fritz Thyssen and Emile Kirdorf, who had provided the funds for the Nazi victory, were unhappy with Roehms socialistic views on the economy and his claims that the real revolution had still to take place. Many people in the party also disapproved of the fact that Roehm and many other leaders of the SA were homosexuals. Adolf Hitler was also aware that Roehm and the SA had the power to remove him. Hermann Goering and Heinrich Himmler played on this fear by constantly feeding him with new information on Roehms proposed coup. Their masterstroke was to claim that Gregor Strasser, whom Hitler hated, was part of the planned conspiracy against him. With this news Hitler ordered all the SA leaders to attend a meeting in the Hanselbauer Hotel in Wiesse. Meanwhile Goering and Himmler were drawing up a list of people outside the SA that they wanted killed. The list included Strasser,Show MoreRelatedNazi Germany as a Totalitarian State Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesNazi Germany as a Totalitarian State Goebbels once said the aim of the Nationalist Socialist Revolution must be a totalitarian state, which will permeate all aspects of public life In reality to put this into practise was a lot more difficult. From the outside, people assume that the Nazis had brainwashed every German citizen during their reign. By booking more closely, through Germanys archives we can see a better picture of what Germany was really like. TotalitarianRead MoreThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States A totalitarian state usually refers to a country in which the central government has total control over almost all aspects of peoples life. Main features include an infallible leader, one-party rule, elitism, strict party discipline, purges against enemies and political dissidents, planned economy, strong armaments, indoctrination, encouragement of nationalism, an official doctrine that everybody has Read MoreTo What Extent Did Nazi Germany Establish a Totalitarian State in the Years 1933 and 1939?2003 Words   |  9 PagesModern History Research Essay To what extent did the Nazis succeed in establishing a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939? The Nazis succeeded to a great degree in establishing a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939. A Totalitarian state is defined as a government that subordinates the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by coercive measures. A Totalitarian state aims to establish complete: - political -social/economicRead MoreHitler s A Totalitarian State1690 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939. A totalitarian state was defined as a government that promotes the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by extreme measures. There is no doubt that radical changes occurred as a result of significant decisions made and policies introduced by the party, but there appears to be strong evidence to suggest that their desire for popularity and power was not completely fulfilled. In order for Germany to beRead MoreThe Totalitarian Systems That Changed Lives Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pageswriting about the totalitarian systems and how they changed people’s lives. I am going to look into detail about the totalitarian systems, their facts, their main structures, how they came to power, why they came to power and what changed after they were abolished in two specific countries. A totalitarian system or totalitarianism, as its name states ‘total’, is a form of government where the state keeps public, cultural and other aspects of life under strict control. The totalitarian systems that IRead MoreIntroduction. This Assignment Will Discuss The Difference1514 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the difference between a Totalitarian state and a Liberal Democratic state. An example of a totalitarian state is Nazi Germany and Stalin in the Soviet Union. An example of a liberal democratic state would be South Africa and Australia. The aim of this assignment is to educate the reader on the difference between two states. A critical analysis will be made differentiating a totalitarian state and a liberal democratic state. 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During the Nazi Reich between 1933-1939, under Hitler as Fuhrer (supreme leader), the Nazi regime was able to successfully achieve aspects of totalitarianism by exerting tight control of the media and police; leading to control of certain aspects of German social, politicalRead MoreThe Meaning of the Term Totalitarianism Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted in Europe in the 1920s and 30s. It was an absolutism that emphasized the importance of the state at the expense of individual liberties. It displays the following features: One-party dictatorship and one-man rule were emphasized in a totalitarian state. Only one party ruled in a totalitarian state, for example, the Fascist Part in Italy, the Nazi Party in Germany and the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. All other political parties were made illegal, bannedRead MoreNazi Germany Positive And Negative Effects On The World War I1731 Words   |  7 PagesLife in Nazi Germany had many positive and negative effects on the people that were living there between 1933-1939. The treaty of Versailles was when Germany was in great despair. The Germans had to pay back repatriations for losing the war, they lost territory, accepted the blame for causing World War I and there was also the near elimination of the Germany army. This all lead Germany into suffering badly through the Great Depression. The Nazi party and their leader Adolf Hitler brought the Totalitarian

Hotel and Theme Park Free Essays

Earlier this year, my mum and dad decided that we would be going to Benidorm for a week at the beginning of the summer holidays. My sister, Tara and I were so excited for the holiday that we immediately started counting down the days even though it was April and we wouldn’t be going until the end of June/start of July. The months leading up to the holiday was a whirlwind of planning what we were taking and what we were going to do while we were there. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel and Theme Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally the day came and we were getting up at 3 am so we could get ready and catch the 6 o’clock plane from Edinburgh airport to Alicante airport. I remember bouncing in my seat in excitement while we were landing and letting out a squeal of happiness when we were safely on the ground and free to leave exit the plane. The first thing I felt when I departed the plane was the complete relaxation that the searing sun on my face brought to me. All too soon we were sitting in an overcrowded bus that would take us all to our different hotels. Our hotel was one of the first few stops as we were relatively close to the beach. On first look, the hotel (which I cannot for the life of me remember the name of) looked pretty standard. It wasn’t horrible looking however it didn’t look like the Ritz. However, once I got inside I was taken aback by how classy the reception area was. I couldn’t help but wonder if our room would be just as classy and lovely as the reception area. My answer to that particular question was no. The room was nice enough considering we wouldn’t be spending much time in there but I couldn’t help but be disappointed by the size of our room. The thing I enjoyed the most about our room was surprisingly the bathroom, the lighting in there was absolute perfection for getting ready in the morning and evening and the shower was to die for! I could just feel all the tension in my shoulders wash away while in that shower. Our first day in Benidorm wasn’t all that eventful, Tara and I spent most of our day out by the pool swimming (Tara) and soaking up some vitamin D (me). Eventually we had to leave the pool at about 8 o’clock for dinner which  would be starting soon. The dinner the hotel served was extraordinary! It was as if they had taken a dish from every country in the world and put it into a buffet where we could just take whatever tickled our fancy! Day two of our holiday of found us spending the day sunbathing at the beach and swimming in the sea. The water was a beautiful clear blue colour and the sand was golden. The highlight of day two for me though were the peaches that my dad bought at a fruit stall while we were walking down to the beach. They were the largest and juiciest peaches I had ever had and kept my stomach content until dinner time. On the third and fourth days of our time in Benidorm were spent in the theme park â€Å"Terra Mitica† which translates to ‘mythical land’. The theme park was split into 5 different parts: Egypt, Greece, Iberia, the Islands and Rome. Each area had their own rides and shows. Personally my favourite part was of the theme park was the boat ride around the park as it was decorated magically. Day five found us exploring the old and new town and the shops that they offered. We found a boat ride that would take us to Benidorm Island and while there we walked all the way to the top of the hill and down again which in the blistering heat was a very difficult feat to accomplish. The next day was spent at a secluded beach that we found while exploring the town. This beach was a little bit different to the main beach though, as there were fish swimming in the water with us. Our last day in Benidorm was spent at a marine animal park, â€Å"Mundomar† where we watched a bird, sea lion and dolphin show, looked at turtles/tortoises, lemurs, monkeys and seals and had our pictures taken with dolphins. It was the perfect ending to the holiday that had undoubtedly been the best holiday of my life. With our glowing tans, souvenirs and pictures that needed to be uploaded onto Facebook, we boarded the plane that would take us back to Edinburgh, I couldn’t help but feel disheartened by the fact that we were leaving this incredible, stunning and warm place and going back home to dreary Scotland! But as they say, all good things must come to an end. How to cite Hotel and Theme Park, Papers

Victor vroom expectancy theory free essay sample

Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory Expectation ?Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation Good morning to all. My topic is Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Before moving to that lets understand what is motivation? Motivation is the internal dive to accomplish a particular goal. It defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviour. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. There are many theories of motivation-MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY,ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY, McGregor’s X AND Y THEORY,HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY,McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY,VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY,PORTER – LAWLER’S THEORY,EQUITY THEORY,GOAL SETTING THEORY,ATTRIBUTION THEORY,OUCHIS Z THEORY iam going to deal with the Victor VROOM’S Expectancy Theory. What is Expectancy Theory?

Karen Nash Essays - Crime, Criminal Law, Penology, Criminal Justice

Karen Nash English Composition I Wk6 Assignment April 11, 2017 Prisoners: Extended Stay All punishment has some aim which serves to justify the suffering that is inflicted on the offender. The main aims are retribution, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and deterrence. With retribution , punishment is a matter of what is deserved in return for a wrongful act. The punishment is proportionate punishment to the crime, and imposed on the offender for its own sake rather than to bring about a larger social benefit. The retributive theory of punishment is most often associated with the notion of "eye for and eye" justice, where the imposed punishment is equal to the harm done. The Latin expression for this is lex talionis , which literally means "law of retaliation". Sometimes the "eye for an eye" concept of punishment is taken literally, such as the following from the ancient Babylonian Law of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BCE): "If a man puts out the eye of another man, then his eye shall be put out. If he breaks another man's bone, then his bone shall be broken." The concept is probably most known from its appearance in the Hebrew Bible, that "Anyone who injures their neighbor is to be injured in the same manner: fracture for fractur e, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. The one who has inflicted the injury must suffer the same injury" (Leviticus. 24:19-21). By today's standards, though, strict adherence to "eye for and eye" justice in all cases can be cruel and even irrational: we do not punish rapists by raping them, or punish arsonists by burning down their houses. Rather, we seek redress through more humane types of suffering that we can impose on offenders. With incapacitation , punishment keeps offenders from repeating similar crimes, typically by physically restraining them. When we catch violent criminals, one of our first thoughts is to get them off the street before they harm others. With rehabilitation , punishment aims to change the offender's predisposition towards criminal behavior, and thus keeps him from becoming a threat to others when released into the community. Sometimes rehabilitation is facilitated through psychological counseling or other types of behavior-modification therapy. However, the assumption here is that any type of punishment, if it is memorable enough, will in and of itself discourage criminals from repeating crimes. We expect convicts to have learned their lesson and mended their anti-social ways. With deterrence , punishment is a means of discouraging others from committing similar offenses. If I see that an armed robber was punished with prison time, I will be less likely to commit armed robbery myself. The aim here is to use the criminal as an example from which others can learn. It is difficult to talk about the aims of punishment without mentioning the motive of revenge , which involves doing something from anger or resentment as a retaliatory measure. In our ordinary lives, revenge often plays a role in our motivations to have someone punished. Suppose, for example, that a mugger stabs you and leaves you with a life-threatening wound, or that you are brutally raped, or that a drunk driver crashes into your car killing one of your family members. In each of these cases you would likely want the perpetrator to not only be caught, but to suffer for his crime and get what he deserves. By harshly punishing the perpetrator, you can vent your rage and get some sense of satisfaction and closure from your ordeal. What distinguishes revenge from retributive aims of punishment is impartiality. Revenge stems from an individual's personal desire for retaliation, whereas retribution considers more abstractly what justice calls for in a specific situa tion. Similarly, revenge involves negative emotional states of anger or resentment, which should not be part of retributive reasoning. Let's grant that revenge is a normal part of our drive to punish offenders; the critical question, then, is whether revenge is a valid aim of punishment. On the one hand, part of our justice system aims to give satisfaction to the victims of crime, and it is routine for victims and their family members to testify at trials to help sway judges and jurors regarding the severity of the punishment that

Obedience to Authority Essay Example

Obedience to Authority Essay Example Obedience to Authority Essay Obedience to Authority Essay Obedience is a virtue, disobedience is a vice (Fromm 267). In Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem, the author Erich Fromm implies that to be a human an individual must be free to obey and disobey (272). Being obedient requires the removal of freedom, which comes from expressing your thoughts, feelings and emotions, without any boundaries or pressures from other individuals. An obedient individual is submissive towards anothers will and does not have very much freedom. Obedience occurs and can be analyzed when there is a setting of power and expectations to follow authority and a shift in viewpoint. The Stanford Prison Experiment can be interpreted in terms of Milgrams findings on submission to authority. In The Perils of Obedience, Stanley Milgram conducts an experiment where individuals are forced to violate their conscience and to either obey or disobey the dissolute demands of an authority. The experiment tests the extent to which individuals will obey immoral commands when they are ordered to inflict pain on to learners. The teacher is a genuinely naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve subject who has come to the laboratory for the experiment. The learner, or victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock at all (Milgram 223). The experimenter orders the teacher to ask word pairs to the learner; for every word pair wrong, the learner gets shocked with increasing intensity. The individuals administering the shocks would do what was expected of them, [obeying] the orders of the experimenter to the end, punishing victim until they reached the most potent shock available on the generator. After 450 volts were administered three times, the experimenter called a halt to the session (224). The teachers did what they were told to do, even when the learners produced loud cries and screams; they simply obeyed the rules and performed their assigned tasks because it was expected of them. Milgram learned that, the experimenters physical presence has a marked impact on his authority (232). If the experimenter was present in the laboratory rather than on the phone, the teachers would refuse to do their assigned task less than if the experimenter were on the phone giving orders. In The Stanford Prison Experiment, Philip K. Zimbardo conducts an experiment where a group of males are selected to be prison guards or prisoners in a mock prison. The setting of the experiment was designed, as if it was a real prison. The prison guards were allowed to keep order in the prison by any means necessary; they obeyed the rules and performed their jobs as expected of them. They made the prisoners feel powerless, arbitrarily controlled, dependent, frustrated, hopeless, anonymous, dehumanized and emasculated (Zimbardo 256), simply because they were obeying rules. The authoritarian nature of the guards became serious when they insulted the prisoners, threatened them, were physically aggressive, used instruments to keep the prisoners in line and referred to them in impersonal, anonymous, deprecating ways (260). In order to fit into the setting the guards were in competition with each other to be stronger and more respected. They wanted to follow the behavior of the good guards [which] seemed more motivated by a desire to be liked by everyone in the system than by a concern for the inmates welfare (261). We learn that if the setting requires an individual to become an authoritarian, others will be submissive and obedient towards them. Also, the expectations to follow authority are highly regarded until a shift in viewpoint occurs within the individuals. A shift in viewpoint occurs when an individual realizes what they have done or are doing is not civilized and wrong. The essence of obedience is that a person comes to view himself as the instrument for carrying out another persons wishes, and he therefore no longer regards himself as responsible for his actions (Milgram 231). After the shift in viewpoint, obedience follows and the individuals dont regard themselves as being responsible for their own actions. The individuals feel responsible to the authority thats directing them but not responsible for their actions done in return to the command of the authority. An example in Milgrams experiment was a woman, Gretchen Brandt, who refused to continue on with the experiment after she administered 210 volts. We came here of our free will. If he wants to continue Ill go aheadIm sorry. I dont want to be responsible for anything happening to him. I wouldnt like it for me either. (Milgram 223). She kept proceeding at the experimenters command until she realized that she had the freedom and right to refuse. She did not want to be held responsible for the harm of the learner so she implicitly tried to leave the blame on the experimenter. In Zimbardos experiment, a prison guard gave his perspective on what it felt like to be a guard in the experiment: What made this experiment most depressing for me was the fact that we were continually called upon to act in a way that was contrary to what I really felt inside. I dont feel like Im the type of person that would be a guard-it just didnt seem like me, and to continually keep up and put on a face like that is just really one of the most oppressive things you can do. Its almost like a prison that you create yourself-you get into it, and it becomes almost the definition you make of yourself. (261)  The guard implies that you become a prisoner of your own obedience. He treated the prisoners unfairly because he wanted to be seen as a good prison guard. As a result, at the end of the experiments, the teachers and prison guards dont see themselves as being responsible for their actions; they hold others responsible for their actions. The teachers implicitly blame the experimenter and the prison guards implicitly blame the higher authority. In order to be obedient, individuals must be provoked by some sort of authority for the shift of viewpoint to prevail and become successful. Milgram implies that, [obedience is] socially organized evil in modern society (233). Therefore, in conclusion, obedience is a vice because it is an immoral practice, which causes human beings to play the blame-game in life.

Japans Genpei War, 1180 - 1185

Japan's Genpei War, 1180 - 1185 Date: 1180-1185 Location: Honshu and Kyushu, Japan Outcome: Minamoto clan prevails and almost wipes out Taira; Heian era ends and Kamakura shogunate begins The Genpei War (also romanized as Gempei War) in Japan was the first conflict between large samurai factions.  Although it happened nearly 1,000 years ago, people today still remember the names and accomplishments of some of the great warriors who fought in this civil war. Sometimes compared with Englands War of the Roses, the Genpei War featured two families fighting for power.  White was the clan color of the Minamoto, like the House of York, while the Taira used red like the Lancasters.  However, the Genpei War predated the Wars of the Roses by three hundred years.  In addition, the Minamoto and Taira were not fighting to take the throne of Japan; instead, each wanted to control the imperial succession. Lead-up to the War The Taira and Minamoto clans were rival powers behind the throne. They sought to control the emperors by having their own favorite candidates take the throne.  In the Hogen Disturbance of 1156 and the Heiji Disturbance of 1160, though, it was the Taira who came out on top.   Both families had daughters who had married into the imperial line.  However, after the Taira victories in the disturbances, Taira no Kiyomori became the Minister of State; as a result, he was able to ensure that his daughters three-year-old son became the next emperor in March of 1180.  It was the enthronement of little Emperor Antoku that led the Minamoto to revolt. War Breaks Out On May 5, 1180, Minamoto Yoritomo and his favored candidate for the throne, Prince Mochihito, sent out a call to war.  They rallied samurai families related to or allied with the Minamoto, as well as warrior monks from various Buddhist monasteries.  By June 15, Minister Kiyomori had issued a warrant for his arrest, so Prince Mochihito was forced to flee Kyoto and seek refuge in the monastery of Mii-dera.  With thousands of Taira troops marching toward the monastery, the prince and 300 Minamoto warriors raced south toward Nara, where additional warrior monks would reinforce them. The exhausted prince had to stop to rest, however, so the Minamoto forces took refuge with the monks at the easily defensible monastery of Byodo-in.  They hoped that monks from Nara would arrive to reinforce them before the Taira army did.  Just in case, however, they tore the planks from the only bridge across the river to Byodo-in. At first light the next day, June 20, the Taira army marched quietly up to Byodo-in, hidden by thick fog.  The Minamoto suddenly heard the Taira war-cry  and replied with their own.  A fierce battle followed, with monks and samurai firing arrows through the mist at one another.  Soldiers from the Tairas allies, the Ashikaga, forded the river and pressed the attack.  Prince Mochihito tried to escape to Nara in the chaos, but the Taira caught up with him and executed him.  The Nara monks marching toward Byodo-in heard that they were too late to help the Minamoto, and turned back.  Minamoto Yorimasa, meanwhile, committed the first classical seppuku in history, writing a death poem on his war-fan, and then cutting open his own abdomen. It seemed that the Minamoto revolt and thus the Genpei War had come to an abrupt end.  In vengeance, the Taira sacked and burned the monasteries that had offered aid to the Minamoto, slaughtering thousands of monks and burning Kofuku-ji and Todai-ji in Nara to the ground. Yoritomo Takes Over The leadership of the Minamoto clan passed to the 33-year-old Minamoto no Yoritomo, who was living as a hostage in the home of a Taira-allied family.  Yoritomo soon learned that there was a bounty on his head.  He organized some local Minamoto allies, and escaped from the Taira, but lost most of his small army in the Battle of Ishibashiyama on September 14.  Yoritomo escaped with his life, fleeing into the woods with Taira pursuers close behind.   Yoritomo made it to the town of Kamakura, which was solidly Minamoto territory.  He called in reinforcements from all of the allied families in the area.  On November 9, 1180, at the so-called Battle of the Fujigawa (Fuji River), the Minamoto and allies faced an over-extended Taira army.  With poor leadership and long supply lines, the Taira decided to withdraw back to Kyoto without offering a fight.   A hilarious and likely exaggerated account of the events at Fujigawa in the Heiki Monogatari claims that a flock of water-fowl on the river marshes was started into flight in the middle of the night.  Hearing the thunder of their wings, the Taira soldiers panicked and fled, grabbing bows without arrows or taking their arrows but leaving their bows.  The record even claims that Taira troops were mounting tethered animals and whipping them up so that they galloped round and round the post to which they were tied. Whatever the true cause of the Taira retreat, there followed a two-year lull in the fighting.  Japan faced a series of droughts and floods that destroyed the rice and barley crops in 1180 and 1181.  Famine and disease ravaged the countryside; an estimated 100,000 died.  Many people blamed the Taira, who had slaughtered monks and burned down temples.  They believed that the Taira had brought down the wrath of the gods with their impious actions, and noted that Minamoto lands did not suffer as badly as those controlled by the Taira. Fighting began again in July of 1182, and the Minamoto had a new champion called Yoshinaka, a rough-hewn cousin of Yoritomos, but an excellent general.  As Minamoto Yoshinaka won skirmishes against the Taira  and considered marching on Kyoto, Yoritomo grew increasingly concerned about his cousins ambitions.  He sent an army against Yoshinaka in the spring of 1183, but the two sides managed to negotiate a settlement rather than fighting one another. Fortunately for them, the Taira were in disarray.  They had conscripted a huge army, marching forth on May 10, 1183, but were so disorganized that their food ran out just nine miles east of Kyoto.  The officers ordered the conscripts to plunder food as they passed from their own provinces, which were just recovering from the famine.  This prompted mass desertions. As they entered Minamoto territory, the Taira divided their army into two forces.  Minamoto Yoshinaka managed to lure the larger section into a narrow valley; at the Battle of Kurikara, according to the epics, Seventy thousand horsemen of the Taira perish[ed], buried in this one deep valley; the mountain streams ran with their blood... This would prove the turning point in the Genpei War. Minamoto In-Fighting Kyoto erupted in panic at the news of the Taira defeat in Kurikara.  On August 14, 1183, the Taira fled the capital.  They took along most of the imperial family, including the child emperor, and the crown jewels.  Three days later, Yoshinakas branch of the Minamoto army marched into Kyoto, accompanied by the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Yoritomo was nearly as panicked as the Taira were by his cousins triumphal march.  However, Yoshinaka soon earned the hatred of the citizens of Kyoto, allowing his troops to pillage and rob people regardless of their political affiliation.  In February of 1184, Yoshinaka heard that Yoritomos army was coming to the capital to expel him, led by another cousin, Yoritomos courtly younger brother Minamoto Yoshitsune.  Yoshitsunes men quickly dispatched Yoshinakas army.  Yoshinakas wife, the famous female samurai Tomoe Gozen, is said to have escaped after taking a head as a trophy.  Yoshinaka himself was beheaded while trying to escape on February 21, 1184. End of the War and Aftermath: What remained of the Taira loyalist army retreated into their heartland.  It took the Minamoto some time to mop them up.  Almost a year after Yoshitsune ousted his cousin from Kyoto, in February of 1185, the Minamoto seized the Taira fortress and make-shift capital at Yashima.   On March 24, 1185, the final major battle of the Genpei War took place.  It was a naval battle in the Shimonoseki Strait, a half-day fight called the Battle of Dan-no-ura. Minamoto no Yoshitsune commanded his clans fleet of 800 ships, while Taira no Munemori led the Taira fleet, 500 strong.  The Taira were more familiar with the tides and currents in the area, so initially were able to surround the larger Minamoto fleet and pin them down with long-range archery shots.  The fleets closed in for hand-to-hand combat, with samurai leaping aboard their opponents ships and fighting with long and short swords.  As the battle wore on, the turning tide forced the Taira ships up against the rocky coastline, pursued by the Minamoto fleet. When the tides of battle turned against them, so to speak, many of the Taira samurai jumped into the sea to drown rather than being killed by the Minamoto.  The seven-year-old Emperor Antoku and his grandmother also jumped in and perished.  Local people believe that small crabs that live in the Shimonoseki Strait are possessed by the ghosts of the Taira samurai; the crabs have a pattern on their shells that looks like a samurais face. After the Genpei War, Minamoto Yoritomo formed the first bakufu and ruled as Japans first shogun from his capital at Kamakura.  The Kamakura shogunate was the first of various bakufu that would rule the country until 1868  when the Meiji Restoration returned political power to the emperors. Ironically, within thirty years of the Minamoto victory in the Genpei War, political power would be usurped from them by regents (shikken) from the Hojo clan.  And who were they?  Well, the Hojo were a branch of the Taira family. Sources Arnn, Barbara L.  Local Legends of the Genpei War: Reflections of Medieval Japanese History, Asian Folklore Studies, 38:2 (1979), pp. 1-10. Conlan, Thomas.  The Nature of Warfare in Fourteenth-Century Japan: The Record of Nomoto Tomoyuki, Journal for Japanese Studies, 25:2 (1999), pp. 299-330. Hall, John W.  The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1990). Turnbull, Stephen.  The Samurai: A Military History, Oxford: Routledge (2013).

Practicum Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Practicum Management Assignment - Essay Example Nurses are able to focus their attention on fewer patients. They are able to concentrate on their patients’ needs, safety, and individual care. In a study submitted to the Alabama Nurse Journal, it was established that the mandated nurse patient ratio has managed to improve patient safety and has also improved the quality of care given to patients. There has also been a decrease in mortality rates, lesser medical errors, and decreased rates in pneumonia, thrombosis, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, shock, and pressure ulcers. Hospital stay was also shorter for patients. Many hospitals in America argue that the mandated nurse-patient ratio cuts into a large part of the hospital budget. They argue that increasing staffing costs will eventually reduce patient access to healthcare. According to them, this mandate does not take into account the individual needs of the patient or the skills and characteristics of the nurse or the hospital. They also argue that hospitals are very much committed to providing quality patient care while still utilizing safe staffing levels, however, they feel that legally imposing nurse-patient ratios does not ‘allow for fluctuations in the supply of nurses and does not account for new technology’ introduced into healthcare (Lewis, 2005). Hospitals declare that mandated nurse-patient ratios are inflexible impositions on healthcare. Hospitals are forced to finance the obligatory increase in nursing staff and in the end, they may not be able to afford this cost. Hospital closures may follow. Nurses’ associations have a mixed reaction to this mandate. Some associations support the mandate, declaring that their lives have greatly improved. They are less stressed due to the decrease in their caseloads. Some unions have declared that this mandate has helped improve patient safety and has increased the job satisfaction of nurses. Nurses are now able to take

WZH-MIT-Essay1-3-0920-ec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

WZH-MIT-Essay1-3-0920-ec - Essay Example I didn’t care to listen and accredit the much valued experience of my subordinates. A daily non-interactive reporting system was scheduled with scarce chance of consultation and negotiation. I didn’t recognize that in the trial to be an effective ‘authoritative’ leader, I turned my self to be a mere ‘authoritarian’ leader. As the interaction factor was lacking, there was no space for a healthy debate and no disagreement was expressed on the decisions made. I was also hesitant in taking help from subordinates even though I lacked the expertise in many of the technical and practical issues. Rather than looking for some wise capacity building ideas, I tried to masquerade my lack of knowledge with the authority I had, resulting in doubtful decisions. Things started to back fire as these decisions proved wrong and even led to the rejection of goods by clients. On this development, my supervisor intervened privately and we had a detailed discussion on my setbacks .He pointed out my drawbacks, and gently advised me on the qualities a good leader should have. In this process, I observed an ideal leader in him, as he heard and understood me, was inspiring and had respect for my thoughts and observations. Well blended with his experience, the discussion pointed out the lacking factors in the team and the leader. I realized the need of being more mature in leadership and collaborative team work. From there on, I ensured to accredit the experience of my team members and devised an effective communication with them. The morning meeting continued, but in a collective way discussing the issues and scopes, resulting in final plans to be put into practice. I made it a routine that each staff was heard to .The team was inspired to be bold in innovations, taking care of the quality standards. Subsequently, I developed integrity by improvising my technical understanding. All the required resources were ensured to the